History

Cleopatra VII, the last reigning figure in the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, has bewitched the attention of historians, scholars, and society all this time. To most of them, she is only associated with the exciting tales of her romantic affairs with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, although they seldom conceptualize the tr…

It was a preeminent military event and religious event between the 11th and 13th centuries. It was characterized by religious fanaticism, as it was a series of campaigns initiated by the Latin Church in the context of a wider fight by Christians against Muslims in a struggle for supremacy. These conflicts changed the c…